Pengobatan penyakit ikan part I :)

Pengobatan penyakit ikan memerlukan pendekatan yang berbeda dengan penyakit hewan di darat, ikan adalah hewan poikilothermal dan sifat perilaku biologis ikan diatur secara pokok oleh temperatur air, pH air, tekanan osmosis air, dissolved gas (gas oksigen terlarut), dan faktor lingkungan lain seperti parasit & protozoa. Faktor kondisi air juga menentukan agen kausatif dapat menyebabkan penyakit di suatu populasi ikan.

Diagnosa penyakit pada ikan memerlukan beberapa tahapan, observasi (pengamatan) perilaku pada ikan seperti tidak mau makan, bernafas dengan cepat, berenang miring di permukaan, sempoyongan, menggosok gosokan tubuh pada tepi / pinggir kolam perlu diperhatikan. Selain didukung pengambilan (koleksi) sampel dan spesimen diagnostik yang tepat.

Metode kontrol penyakit pada populasi ikan, meliputi :

1.       Diagnosa penyebab penyakit

2.       Karantina dan pembatasan penyebaran ikan

3.       Pemberian obat – obatan (farmakotherapi) dan sanitasi yang baik

4.       Imunisasi (vaksinasi) ikan dari penyakit

5.       Pemutusan siklus hidup agen penyakit

6.       Pembatasan dan kontrol dari substansi asing yang membahayakan (substansi asing yang bersifat toksik)

                                                    Gambar 1. Tim klinik hewan happiness (khh) dipanggil di salah satu kediaman (rumah) di kota Bandung, mengobati ikan koi yang terinfeksi protozoa dactylogyrus, metode yang digunakan obat tetes pada luka dan dipping air

                                                     Gambar 2. Proses penetesan obat pada luka ikan

                                                             Gambar 3. Menghangatkan (meningkatkan) suhu air kolam merupakan salah satu metode mudah untuk memutus siklus hidup agen penyakit, terutama golongan protozoa :)

Ditunggu masukan dan komentarnya, untuk tulisan yang sedikit ini :). Terimakasih

Beternak Bebek yang Baik :)

Cara berternak bebek agar cepat besar sebenarnya bukanlah hal yang sulit, juga bukan hal yang mudah, namun dengan mengetahui serta menguasai teknik penggemukan yang tepat guna, di harapkan membawa kesejahteraan peternak bebek di Indonesia. Budidaya bebek pedaging menggunakan pola organik adalah pilihan tepat untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan unggas yang di usahakan.

Langkah-Langkah Penggemukan Bebek Pedaging :

Sebelum memulai beternak bebek pedaging sebaiknya mempelajari beberapa teknik dasar penggemukan adalah sangat penting., Faktor sukses dan tidaknya dalam budidaya bebek sangat bergantung dari teknis yang dikuasai. Langkah atau cara awal budidaya bebek yang harus di perhatikan adalah sebagai berikut:

* Pemilihan bibit yang baik ( Bibit Unggul)

* Komposisi pakan yang seimbang

* Sistem kandang yang nyaman bagi ternak

* Pengendalian penyakit unggas

* Penanganan pasca panen

Cara Memilih Bibit Bebek Pedaging Yang Baik :

Proses pemilihan bibit bebek ( Itik ) unggul memiliki peran sangat penting bagi peternak bebek pedaging, untuk meraih keuntungan budidaya bebek potong sebaiknya pemilihan bibit bebek jantan. Kunci sukses budidaya bebek pedaging adalah memilih bibit ( Anak itik jantan ) karena faktor kecepatan pertumbuhan bebek jantan lebih unggul jika dibandingkan bebek betina. harga bibit bebek jantan juga lebih murah jika dibandingkan dengan bebek betina.

Komposisi Pakan Bebek Yang Seimbang:

Kecukupan pakan yang berkualitas dari segi nilai gizi akan mempercepat pertumbuhan unggas bebek lebih bongsor, sehat dan tahan penyakit. Pemberian pakan buatan sendiri (dedak / bekatul, bekicot + tepung cangkang, tepung jagung, tepung ikan, tepung bulu unggas) penggunaan dan penambahan batang pisang, daun pepaya, daun mengkudu serta sayur-sayuran sebagai penunjang serat organik lebih unggul & lebih murah jika di bandingkan dengan pakan buatan pabrikan. Faktor cuaca dan suhu tempat budidaya unggas bebek sangat berpengaruh akan keseimbangan komposisi, baik itu nilai serat, protein dan karbohidrat-nya. Pemberian suplemen sangat di perlukan untuk menjaga kesehatan dan mempercepat pertumbuhan Bebek.

Kandang Bebek Pedaging Yang Baik:

Cara membuat kandang bebek yang baik adalah berdasarkan besar dan kecilnya anggaran yang anda miliki, untuk sistem kandang bebek pedaging sebaiknya menggunakan kandang panggung dengan menghadap arah matahari terbit. Kelebihan kandang panggung adalah sangat baik untuk menjaga kebersihan dan kesehatan bebek pedaging. Namun jika anda menggunakan kandang lantai non panggung , sebaiknya penggunaan lapisan pasir, kapur dan sekam padi sangat penting , fungsi kapur adalah penting untuk menjaga PH tanah, mengendalikan penyakit serta proses penyerapan kotoran bebek lebih baik. Dengan menambahkan kapur serta sekam padi yang telah bercampur dengan kotoran bebek , setelah masa 3 - 5 tahun mempunyai manfaat besar untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan Bokashi ( Pupuk Organik) .

Semoga bermanfaat, Terimakasih :)

Polemik Harga Daging Sapi :)

Saat ini masyarakat indonesia masih terus meributi soal harga daging sapi. ya, bagaimana tidak, sebelum memasuki bulan puasa. Harga daging sapi di indonesia melonjak tinggi. bahkan sampai menembus harga Rp.135.000 per kg. kenaikan harga sapi yang melonjak sempat membuat masyarakat khawatir sebab pada bulan puasa an menjelang lebaran, permintaan daging sangatlah tinggi. harga daging sapi sempat menyentuh harga Rp.120.000 per kg. pemerintah terus berupaya untuk menstabilkan kembali harga daging sapi. segala upaya telah di lakukan untuk menstabilkan kembali harga daging sapi,mengingat permintaan daging sapai menjelang lebaran sangatlah tinggi dan cendrung akan kembali naik.

Presiden Joko widodo memberikan pernyataan bahwa harga daging sapi di indonesia harus Rp.80.000 per kg. namun hal tersebut tidaklah mudah, menurut Komite Ekonomi dan Industri Nasional (KEIN) butuh waktu dan proses agar harga daging sapi bisa mencapai harga Rp.80.000. salah satunya adalah dengan menyudahi rezim kuota, kemudian menggantinya dengan sistem penetapan tarif dengan menentukan batas atas harga daging sapi di pasar. karena saat ini indonesia masih sangat mengandalkan daging impor sapi. namun harga daging sapi Rp.80.000 per kg sangat besar terjadi apabila pemerintah mau untuk memotong rantai pasok distribusi daging sapi maupun pembenahan sistem importasi selama ini dari sistem kuota kepada sistem pengenaan tarif.

Saat ini harga daging sapi di indonesia masih terus menjadi polemik, kita lihat harga daging sapi di negara tetangga kita Malaysia, harga daging sapi di malaysia Rp 45 ribu-Rp 60 ribu dengan sumber yang sama. Tentu ini menjadi ironi. Melambungnya harga daging sapi di indonesia di sinyalir adanya mafia atau kartel daging sapi, sehingga membuat harga daging sapi sangatlah melambung tinggi

Teknik Budidaya Sapi Perah :)

Ada berbagai jenis sapi di dunia ini dan jika Anda ingin membudidayakan sapi, salah satu jenis sapi yang wajib Anda coba budidayakan adalah sapi perah. Sapi perah merupakan sapi yang dapat menghasilkan susu dalam kuantitas besar. Dengan membudidayakan sapi perah, Anda bisa memulai sebuah bisnis susu, bisnis yang sangat menjanjikan mengingat susu merupakan produk yang selalu dibutuhkan oleh orang. Jika Anda berniat membudidayakan sapi perah, berikut adalah berbagai cara beternak yang dapat Anda coba lakukan.

Seleksi Bibit Sapi Perah

Dalam pembudidayaan sapi jenis apapun, pemilihan bibit tak diragukan lagi merupakan salah satu langkah terpenting dan begitupun dengan pembudidayaan sapi perah. Bibit yang harus Anda pilih ketika hendak membudidayakan sapi perah yaitu sapi jenis Fries Holland atau sapi FH. Sapi jenis ini memiliki ciri-ciri yang meliputi kulit berwarna putih disertai dengan bercak hitam. Selain ciri-ciri yang bisa Anda lihat dari penampilan luar tersebut, ciri-ciri sapi jenis FH juga bisa Anda lihat melalui perilaku sapi dimana sapi jenis ini pejantannya biasanya agak ganas sedangkan betinyanya tenang dan sangat jinak.Ciri-ciri lain yang juga merupakan ciri utama sapi jenis ini yaitu produksi susunya yang melebihi sapi lain. Tentu saja, untuk membudidayakan sapi jenis ini, Anda harus memilih sapi yang berusia 3,5 tahun atau lebih serta sudah pernah beranak mengingat susu adalah produk utama yang Anda ingin hasilkan dari pembudidayaan sapi jenis ini.

Pembuatan Kandang Untuk Sapi Perah

Ketika hendak membudidayakan sapi perah, pembuatan kandang yang sesuai dengan sapi jenis tersebut juga merupakan salah satu cara ternak yang paling penting. Sedikit berbeda dengan pembuatan kandang untuk sapi jenis lain, pembuatan kandang sapi perah haruslah berlokasi jauh dari pemukiman. Selain itu, kandang sapi juga harus terletak paling tidak 10 meter jauhnya dari tempat tinggal Anda dan selain itu, pelataran kandang tersebut harus mendapatkan supplai sinar matahari yang memadai. Untuk sapi pejantan, kandang bisa berukuran 1,5 x 2 meter sementara untuk sapi betina, kandang bisa berukuran 1,8 x 2 meter. Selain itu, temperatur di sekitar kandang juga harus tepat yaitu yaitu sekitar 25-40ºC.

Pemberian Pakan Sapi Perah

Dalam pembudidayaan sapi perah, pemberian pakan yang tepat adalah sesuatu yang sangat penting dalam rangka pembesaran sapi tersebut. Pakan untuk sapi perah sendiri tidak jauh berbeda dengan pakan untuk sapi jenis lain yaitu rumput-rumputan seperti rumput raja, rumput benggala, rumput gajah, dan rumput-rumput lain. Selain rumput, kacang-kacangan seperti lamtoro, gamal, turi, serta berbagai jenis kacang-kacangan lain juga termasuk pakan yang dapat Anda berikan untuk sapi perah Anda. Tentu saja, cara budidaya sapi perah yang baik tak hanya meliputi pemberian rumput dan kacang-kacangan mengingat pemberian konsentrat seperti dedak, jagung kedelai, bungkil kelapa, dan masih banyak lagi jenis konsentrat lainnya juga tak kalah penting.

Cara Pemeliharaan Sapi Perah

Selain pemberian pakan, hal lain yang tak kalah pentingnya dalam memelihara sapi perah yaitu memastikan kalau sapi tersebut sehat. Ada berbagai teknik beternak yang dapat Anda lakukan untuk memastikan kesehatan sang sapi termasuk pemeliharaan badan serta pengecekan masa birahi serta perkembangan reproduksi sapi tersebut. Dalam membudidayakan sapi perah, pembibitan merupakan sesuatu yang harus diawasi dengan seksama mengingat hal tersebut memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan produksi susu. Tentu saja, selain memperhatikan perkembangan reproduksi, penting juga untuk selalu memberikan vitamin sapi supaya sapi perah Anda senantiasa menghasilkan susu yang berkualitas.

Semoga  bermanfaat :)

MEA (Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN) Peluang &Tantangan (Bidang Peternakan) :)

Mulai diberlakukannya MEA (Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN) pada tanggal 31 Desember  2015 adalah gelombang kecil dalam gelombang besar bertajuk Globalisasi.  Kesepakatan   10 negara ASEAN yang diteken di Pulau Bali pada tahun 2003, berpilar pada 4 pendekatan strategis: 1. Pasar tunggal & basis produksi, 2. Wilayah ekonomi berdaya saing tinggi, 3. Kawasan pembangunan ekonomi yang seimbang, dan 4. Integrasi penuh dengan ekonomi global.

Secara singkat, MEA berisi pemberlakuan “5 (lima) arus bebas”  meliputi arus a)barang, b)jasa, c) tenaga kerja  terampil, d) modal, dan e) arus bebas investasi.

UMKM Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang peternakan perlu mampu bersaing dengan produk & jasa peternakan dari 10 negara ASEAN, persaingan dalam pasar global prinsipnya adalah tentang 2 variabel, yaitu : kualitas (mutu) & harga. Petani peternak lokal perlu mampu bersaing dalam hal kualitas (mutu) & harga jual dibandingkan dengan korporasi nasional & multinasional (MNC)

Ketahanan nasional perlu dibangun bukan hanya masalah keamanan, tetapi juga barang, jasa, modal, ideologi, dan sosial budaya. Prinsip “Negara  hadir” harus tampak dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari baik di bidang ipoleksosbudhankam.

Semoga bermanfaat :)

Cultivation techniques Catfish :)

 In this post I tried to review the techniques or ways of catfish culture, after we know how the technique of cultivation of tilapia, goldfish and carp fish farming techniques. Regarding the catfish culture technique includes several activities, broadly divided into two activities, namely breeding and enlargement.

Both of these types of activities are generally carried out by the public has not been popular, because most still rely

fishing activities in nature (river, lake, reservoir, etc.) to meet the demand for catfish. Seeding activity is an attempt to produce seeds at a certain size. The final product in the form of seed of a particular size, which generally is the period after the seed nursery. Catfish seed can be obtained from the catch in public waters. Usually towards the dry season early in the day by using fishing gear nets or nets.

Seeds collected in a container, and treated with caution for 2 weeks. If the water in the reservoir has been soiled, it should be replaced immediately with clean water, and try to avoid sunburn. Before the seeds spread, first nurtured in the net for 1 month, then moved into hampang prepared. Broadly speaking catfish hatchery operations include the following activities:

a) Selection of broodstock ready Pijah.

b) Preparation hormone / pituitary gland of the donor fish, ie carp.

c) Mating injection (induced breeding).

d) Ordering (striping).

e) Hatching eggs.

f) Maintenance larvae.

g) Separating.

h) Harvesting.

In the growing cultivation, hatcheries and rearing are often separated by a little distance away. Removal of seeds from hatcheries to the enlargement require special handling in order to seed survived. The success of the transport of fish seed are usually very closely related to the physical and chemical conditions of the water, especially the dissolved oxygen, NH3, CO2, pH, and temperature of the water.

1. Preparation Facility and Equipment Aquaculture Catfish

Location sought pool close to the water source and free floods. The pool was built in the sloping land with a slope of 2-5% to facilitate irrigation pond by gravity.

a) aircraft maintenance pool Catfish

Spacious pool and intensity depending on the number of aircraft management. For example, for a 100 kg aircraft requires an area of ​​500 square meters if only relying on natural feed and bran. Meanwhile, when fed with pellets, then to 100 kg require extensive parent 150-200 square meters only.

Rectangular shape with the pool should be bricked wall or ground pool with a coated woven bamboo inside. Water inlet doors can be fitted with PVC and juice, while for the water outlay should be shaped monic.

b) Swimming spawning catfish

The place can be a spawning ground pool or a tub wall. Size / large spawning pool depending on the number stem cultivated with an rectangular shape. As a rule of thumb that for one breeding weighing 3 kg require extensive pool of about 18 m2 with 18 pieces of fibers / kakaban. Bottom of the pool sloped towards disposal, to ensure that the bottom of the pond can be drained.

The door can be pralon income and expenditure can also use pralon (if the size of small ponds) or door monic. Form pool hatching basically the same as the spawning pond and often also for hatchery use spawning ponds. At the hatchery pond arranged so that the incoming water can spread to areas that no eggs.

c) Swimming nursery Catfish

Good pond shape is rectangular. For nursery activity is usually some pools that first nursery with an area of ​​25-500 m2 and advanced nursery 500-1000 m2 per plot. Water intake and expenditure could pralon / disposal with shaped doors monic.

Kemalir made pond bottom (base line) and near the expenditure made puddles. Kemalir function is the gathering place seed at harvest and pools to facilitate the arrest of the seed. bottom of the pool sloped towards disposal. Additional plots that have high turbidity water (river water) then need to be made like precipitation and filtration basin.

2. Breeding Catfish

a) Setting Seed Catfish

Seeds to be cultivated can be derived from the results from a small pond maintenance or the catch of the wild when the spawning season arrives. The ideal stem from an enlarged herd of adult catfish pond so it can be chosen for the parent who is really good quality.

b) treatment and seed treatment Catfish

Parent spawning catfish to be used specifically should be maintained in a floating cage. During maintenance, the parent fish fed a special diet that contains a lot of protein. Attempts to obtain stem mature eggs that have been done by the Sub Research Institute for Freshwater Fishing Palembang is to provide food shaped blobs (pasta) of ingredients for chicken feed with the composition of fish meal 35%, fine bran 30%, brewers rice 25%, 10% soy flour, as well as vitamins and minerals 0.5%.

Food is given five days a week as much as 5% every day with the distribution of the morning and afternoon 2,5% 2,5%. In addition, given also the trash twice a week as much as 10% of the weight of the parent fish. This step is done to accelerate the maturity of the gonad.

The characteristics of the parent catfish are ripe and ready for spawning gonad is as follows:

a. Female parent Catfish

- Age three years.

- The size of 1.5-2 kg.

- Stomach enlarges toward the anus.

- Stomach feels soft and smooth when in touch.

- Cloaca swollen and dark red.

- The skin on the abdomen flabby and thin.

- If around the cloaca pressed will come out a few eggs are round in shape and size of uniform.

b. Male parent Catfish

- Age two years.

- The size of 1.5-2 kg.

- Skin flabby stomach and thin.

- When sorted akankeluar white semen.

- Gender swollen and dark red.

Seed catfish aged 1 day moved into the aquarium measuring 80 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm. Each aquarium is filled with water boreholes that have been aerated. Fish stocking density is 500 fish per aquarium. Aerator placed in each aquarium that needs oxygen to seed can be fulfilled. To maintain a stable room temperature and the temperature of the water used heater or stove can use to save money. Seed day old should not be fed extra from outside because they still have food reserves in the form of yolk sac or egg yolk.

On the third day, the seeds were given supplementary food such as fish emulsion boiled chicken egg yolk. Furthermore gradually replaced with live food such as Moina cyprinacea or commonly known as water fleas and mosquito larvae. Catfish enlargement can be done in the pond, floating nets, through a system of pen and in cages.

a) Enlargement of catfish in the pond can be done through monoculture and polyculture system.

b) In the enlargement catfish in floating nets, things that need to be considered are: the location of maintenance, how to use floating nets, how the condition of the waters and the water quality as well as the enlargement process.

c) In the enlargement catfish pen system, need to be considered: site selection, water quality, how the application of such a system, stocking and feeding as well as control and harvesting.

d) In the enlargement catfish in cages, to consider the problem:

site selection, seeding, supplementary feeding, controlling and harvesting. Hampang can be made of mesh, rubber, bamboo or wire ram equipped with a pole or stump that is attached to the bottom waters. A suitable location for mounting hampang:

± water depth of 0.5-3 m with a depth fluctuations of no more than 50 cm, the flow is not too heavy, but enough for the circulation of water in hampang. Uncontaminated waters and basically a little muddy. Protected from the waves and strong winds and protected from pests, diseases and predators (predator). In waters essentially rocky, ballast should be used to help tighten the net. The distance between the poles of bamboo / wood around

0.5-1 m.

3. Maintenance Enlargement Catfish

a). Fertilization Catfish

Fertilization pond and aims to improve the productivity of the pond, that is by stimulating the growth of natural food sebanyakbanyaknya. Fertilizer commonly used is manure or green manure with a dose of 50-700 g / m2

b). Feeding catfish

Feeding is done 2 times a day (morning and afternoon). The amount of food given per day as much as 3-5% of total body weight pet fish. The amount of food is always changing every month, according to the weight gain of fish in hampang. This can be determined by weighing 5-10 fish samples taken from fish

maintained (of the sample).

c). Maintenance Swimming and Pond Catfish

During maintenance, the fish can be given additional food in the form of pellets every day and can also be given small fish / residual (trash fish) or the rest of the kitchen is given 3-4 days to stimulating appetite.

 Picture 1,2, and 3 catfish :)

BROILER FARMING :)

In terms of quality, the chicken meat has a high nutritional value compared to other livestock meat. Flesh is soft, bright red color, clean and attractive, has a complete zest acid, and easily processed. The meat in a neutral religious party, another case with beef for Hindus, and pork for Muslims. And in terms of economical, especially chicken pieces or aya country that has been popular as a broiler chicken can be cultivated efficiently. For broiler is the fastest livestock could be cut compared with other livestock.

Broiler is a type of rooster or a young female aged about 6-8 weeks, intensively reared, in order to obtain optimum meat production

Genetically, broilers deliberately created such that within a relatively short time can be utilized results. Even today the farmers market much earlier than the provisions chickens aged 8 weeks.

They generally begin selling chickens around the age of 6-7 weeks, in order to fulfill the tastes of consumers, because the age of broiler chickens is not a lot of experience accumulation of fat.

 Here are sundries broiler farming begins with a brief history of the broiler, center broiler farming, the types of broiler, the benefits of broiler, the location requirements broiler farming, technical guidelines broiler farming, pests and diseases of broiler and others.

A BRIEF HISTORY

Broiler called broilers, which is a kind of superior race results of a cross from the nations chicken that has high productivity, especially in producing chicken meat. Actually this popular new broiler chickens in Indonesia since the 1980s in which authorities declared panggalakan ruminant meat consumption which at the time was increasingly difficult existence. Until now broiler chickens have been known Indonesian people with different strengths. Only 5-6 weeks can be harvested. By maintaining a relatively short time and profitable, so many new breeders and seasonal breeders are popping up in various parts of Indonesia.

FISHERIES CENTER

Chicken has developed very rapidly in every country. In Indonesia broiler chicken farming has also been found in almost every province

TYPES

With a wide range broiler strains that have been circulating in the market, farmers do not need to worry in determining his choice. For all types of strains that have been circulating has a relatively sama.Artinya productivity if there is a difference, the difference is not flashy or very small. In determining what option strain will be maintained, the farmer can request a list of productivity or achievements of seeds sold in Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler that many in the market are: Super 77, Tegel 70, ISA, Kim cross, Lohman 202, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, Arbor arcres, Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler, Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.

BENEFITS

The benefits of raising broiler among others, include:

• Provision of animal protein needs

• Chargers future retirement free time

• Education and training (training) skills among adolescents

• Savings in the old days

• Adequate family needs (profit motive)

REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCATIONS

• The location is far enough away from the hustle / housing residents.

• The location is easily accessible from the marketing centers.

• The selected location is settled, meaning not easily distracted by any other purposes other than for the farm.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING

Before raising effort began, a farmer is obliged to understand the 3 (three) elements of the production are: management (management of farm businesses), breeding (breeding) and feeding (fodder / feed)

1. Preparation Facility and Equipment

2. perkandangan

3. The cage system that is ideal for chicken farming races include:

• Requirements temperatures ranging between 32.2 to 35 degrees C,

• The humidity ranged between 60-70%, lighting / heating enclosure in accordance with existing rules,

• The layout of the cage in order to get sunlight in the morning and not against the direction of the winds, a model adapted to the age of the chicken coop,

• For puppies up to the age of 2 weeks or 1 month of use a cage box, to chicken teenager ± 1 month to 2 or 3 months on stable box for chickens are bred and grown to the cage postal atapun bateray cage.

• For the construction of the enclosure does not have the expensive materials, an important strong, clean and durable.

Equipment

• Litter (flooring). Flooring / litter should be in the dry state, then there is no leaking roof and rainwater nothing makes even high winds. Up to 10 cm thick litter, litter materials used a mixture of bran / chaff with a slight taste of lime and sand, or wood shavings hasi with a length between 3-5 cm to substitute bran / chaff.

• breeders or brooder. The tool is circular or rectangular area range 1-3 m with a heater in the middle. Its function as a hen that warms when newly hatched chicks.

• The perch (if necessary). Perch for a rest / sleep, made close to the wall and cultivated dirt fall to the floor easy to clean from the outside. Be closed to avoid the wind and located lower than a place to lay eggs.

• Places to eat, drink and grit. Places to eat and drink should be enough, the material of bamboo, aluminum or any strong and do not leak nor rust. For grit with a special box

Routine tools

Tools including medical devices chicken routine such as injections, surgical scissors, knife cut a small operation, and others.

Seeding

Animals kept must meet the following requirements:

• Livestock bodied on physical

• The growth and normal development

• Livestock comes from a known breeding excellence.

• No attachment of feces in the anus

Seed and Prospective Parent

There are some technical guidelines for choosing seeds / DOC (Day OldChicken) / day-old chickens:

• Chicks (DOC) derived from a healthy parent.

• Fur looks smooth and full as well as good growth.

• There were no defects in the body.

• Chicks experiences a good appetite.

• The size of normal weight, measure body weight between 35-40 grams.

• No put diduburnya feces.

Seed treatment and Prospective Parent

Made at any time, if there are symptoms of disorder in cattle that were immediately given special attention and given treatment as directed local Animal Husbandry Department or veterinarian in charge in the area concerned.

Maintenance

• Feeding and Drinks

• For broiler chicken feeding there are two (2) phases which starter (age 0-4 weeks) and phase finisher (age 4-6 weeks)

The quality and quantity of feed starter phase are as follows:

• The quality or nutrient content of the feed consists of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, 4% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7-0.9%, ME 2800-3500 kcal.

• The quantity of feed divided / classified into four (4) categories, namely the first week (aged 1-7 days) 17 g / day / head, the second week (aged 8-14 days) 43 g / day / head, the 3rd week ( age 15-21 days) 66 g / day / head and week 4 (age 22-29 days) 91 g / day / head. So the amount of feed required for each tail until the age of 4 weeks amounted to 1,520 grams.

The quality and quantity of feed finisher phase are as follows:

• The quality or nutrient content of the feed consists of protein from 18.1 to 21.2%; 2.5% fat, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7-0.9% and energy (ME) 2900-3400 Kcal.

The quantity of feed divided / classified into four age groups, namely:

• 5th week (age 30-36 days) of 111 grams / day / cow,

• 6th week (age 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / cow,

• 7th week (age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / cow

• 8th week (age 51-57 days) 161 g / day / head.

So the total amount of feed per chicken at the age of 30-57 days is 3,829 grams.

Provision of drinking age adjusted with chicken grouped in two (2) phases:

1. Phase starter (aged 1-29 days), drinking water needs are subdivided in each week, ie week 1 (1-7 days) of 1.8 liters / day / 100 tail; week 2 (8-14 days) of 3.1 liters / day / 100 birds, the 3rd week (15-21 days) 4.5 liters / day / 100 birds and week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / head. So the amount of water needed until the age of 4 weeks was as much as 122.6 liters / 100 birds. Provision of drinking water on the first day should be given extra sugar and anti-stress drugs into drinking water. Given the amount of sugar is 50 grams / liter of water.

2. Phase finisher (age 30-57 days), clustered in each week is week 5 (30-36 days) 9.5 liters / day / 100 birds, 6 weeks (37-43 days) 10 , 9 liters / day / 100 birds, week 7 (44-50 days) 12.7 liters / day / 100 birds and week 8 (51-57 days) 14.1 liters / day / head. So a total of 30-57 days drinking water as much as 333.4 liters / day / head.

Maintenance Cage

Enclosure environmental hygiene (sanitation) on the farm is disease prevention efforts are the least expensive, it only takes a tenacious / skilled only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine in cattle by brand and dose according to the record label of poultry shoup. Building so that the cage can be useful effectively, building enclosure needs to be properly maintained that the cage is always cleaned and maintained / checked if there is a faulty part that immediately embroidered / repaired. Thus the efficiency can be maximized without reducing the cage enclosure requirements for the livestock kept.

PEST AND DISEASE

Disease

Dysentery (Coccidiosis)

Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, wings terkulasi, dull hair shivering.

Control:

• Keeping lingkungaan, keeping the litter remains dry;

• With Tetra Chloine Capsule given by mouth; Noxal, Trident Zuco tablet dissolved in water or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.

Newcastle disease (NCD / New Casstle Diseae)

Symptoms: chicken difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, snoring sounds arise, lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, watery stools greenish-specific symptom of "torticollis" the head twirling uncertain and paralyzed.

Control:

• Maintain environmental cleanliness and equipment contaminated with the virus, Newcastle disease vector animals, chickens that died immediately burned / disposed;

• Separate the sick chickens, prevent guests entering the farm without clothes disinfect / sterile and vaccination NCD. Until now there is no cure.

Pest

Mites (fleas)

Symptoms: chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers as itching, decreased appetite, pale and thin.

Control:

Environmental sanitation a good chicken coop; separate the sick chickens with healthy;

using Sevin carbonate with a concentration of 0.15% which is diluted with water and then spray using Sevin carbonate with a concentration of 0.15% which is diluted with water and spray it into the body of the patient. With the use of insecticides fumigation or pengasepan volatile as Nocotine sulfate or Black leaf 40.

HARVEST

Main results

For broiler chicken farming, the main result is in the form of chicken meat

Additional results

Enterprises broiler chickens (broilers) is in the form of feces or dirt stables and chicken feathers.

POST-HARVEST

Stoving

Chicken coops before cutting, usually placed in shelter cages (Houlding Ground)

Cutting

Chicken slaughter carried out his neck, principally so that the blood came out whole, or about 2/3 of the neck cut off and wait 1-2 minutes. This is so good meat quality, not easily contaminated and nonperishable.

Culling or Hair Removal

The way chickens that had been cut was immersed in hot water (51,7- 54.4 ° C). Dyeing old broilers is 30 seconds. The feathers are

smooth revoked by applying wax or burned with a blue flame.

Expenditures Offal

Dubut bottom cut slightly, the entire contents of the stomach (liver, intestine and gizzard) is issued. The stomach contents can be sold or be included in the prepared meats

cooked in a separate packaging.

Cutting Carcasses

Cut chicken legs and neck. Tunggir also deducted if not preferable. After all the viscera has been removed and the carcass has been washed, a chicken leg / thigh ditekukan below the rectum. Chicken then cooled and packaged.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CULTURE

Analysis of Cultivation

Basic calculation of costs incurred and income earned in this analysis, among others are:

• Type chickens are kept is the type of broiler (broiler) of strain CP.707.