In terms of
quality, the chicken meat has a high nutritional value compared to other
livestock meat. Flesh is soft, bright red color, clean and attractive, has a
complete zest acid, and easily processed. The meat in a neutral religious
party, another case with beef for Hindus, and pork for Muslims. And in terms of
economical, especially chicken pieces or aya country that has been popular as a
broiler chicken can be cultivated efficiently. For broiler is the fastest
livestock could be cut compared with other livestock.
Broiler is a
type of rooster or a young female aged about 6-8 weeks, intensively reared, in
order to obtain optimum meat production
Genetically,
broilers deliberately created such that within a relatively short time can be
utilized results. Even today the farmers market much earlier than the
provisions chickens aged 8 weeks.
They
generally begin selling chickens around the age of 6-7 weeks, in order to
fulfill the tastes of consumers, because the age of broiler chickens is not a
lot of experience accumulation of fat.
Here are
sundries broiler farming begins with a brief history of the broiler, center
broiler farming, the types of broiler, the benefits of broiler, the location
requirements broiler farming, technical guidelines broiler farming, pests and
diseases of broiler and others.
A BRIEF
HISTORY
Broiler
called broilers, which is a kind of superior race results of a cross from the
nations chicken that has high productivity, especially in producing chicken
meat. Actually this popular new broiler chickens in Indonesia since the 1980s
in which authorities declared panggalakan ruminant meat consumption which at
the time was increasingly difficult existence. Until now broiler chickens have been
known Indonesian people with different strengths. Only 5-6 weeks can be
harvested. By maintaining a relatively short time and profitable, so many new
breeders and seasonal breeders are popping up in various parts of Indonesia.
FISHERIES
CENTER
Chicken has
developed very rapidly in every country. In Indonesia broiler chicken farming
has also been found in almost every province
TYPES
With a wide
range broiler strains that have been circulating in the market, farmers do not
need to worry in determining his choice. For all types of strains that have
been circulating has a relatively sama.Artinya productivity if there is a
difference, the difference is not flashy or very small. In determining what
option strain will be maintained, the farmer can request a list of productivity
or achievements of seeds sold in Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler
that many in the market are: Super 77, Tegel 70, ISA, Kim cross, Lohman 202,
Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, Arbor
arcres, Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler,
Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP
707.
BENEFITS
The benefits
of raising broiler among others, include:
• Provision
of animal protein needs
• Chargers
future retirement free time
• Education
and training (training) skills among adolescents
• Savings in
the old days
• Adequate
family needs (profit motive)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR LOCATIONS
• The
location is far enough away from the hustle / housing residents.
• The location
is easily accessible from the marketing centers.
• The
selected location is settled, meaning not easily distracted by any other
purposes other than for the farm.
TECHNICAL
GUIDELINES FOR RAISING
Before
raising effort began, a farmer is obliged to understand the 3 (three) elements
of the production are: management (management of farm businesses), breeding
(breeding) and feeding (fodder / feed)
1.
Preparation Facility and Equipment
2.
perkandangan
3. The cage
system that is ideal for chicken farming races include:
•
Requirements temperatures ranging between 32.2 to 35 degrees C,
• The
humidity ranged between 60-70%, lighting / heating enclosure in accordance with
existing rules,
• The layout
of the cage in order to get sunlight in the morning and not against the
direction of the winds, a model adapted to the age of the chicken coop,
• For puppies
up to the age of 2 weeks or 1 month of use a cage box, to chicken teenager ± 1
month to 2 or 3 months on stable box for chickens are bred and grown to the
cage postal atapun bateray cage.
• For the
construction of the enclosure does not have the expensive materials, an
important strong, clean and durable.
Equipment
• Litter
(flooring). Flooring / litter should be in the dry state, then there is no
leaking roof and rainwater nothing makes even high winds. Up to 10 cm thick
litter, litter materials used a mixture of bran / chaff with a slight taste of
lime and sand, or wood shavings hasi with a length between 3-5 cm to substitute
bran / chaff.
• breeders or
brooder. The tool is circular or rectangular area range 1-3 m with a heater in
the middle. Its function as a hen that warms when newly hatched chicks.
• The perch
(if necessary). Perch for a rest / sleep, made close to the wall and cultivated
dirt fall to the floor easy to clean from the outside. Be closed to avoid the
wind and located lower than a place to lay eggs.
• Places to
eat, drink and grit. Places to eat and drink should be enough, the material of
bamboo, aluminum or any strong and do not leak nor rust. For grit with a
special box
Routine tools
Tools
including medical devices chicken routine such as injections, surgical
scissors, knife cut a small operation, and others.
Seeding
Animals kept
must meet the following requirements:
• Livestock
bodied on physical
• The growth
and normal development
• Livestock
comes from a known breeding excellence.
• No
attachment of feces in the anus
Seed and
Prospective Parent
There are
some technical guidelines for choosing seeds / DOC (Day OldChicken) / day-old
chickens:
• Chicks
(DOC) derived from a healthy parent.
• Fur looks
smooth and full as well as good growth.
• There were
no defects in the body.
• Chicks
experiences a good appetite.
• The size of
normal weight, measure body weight between 35-40 grams.
• No put
diduburnya feces.
Seed
treatment and Prospective Parent
Made at any
time, if there are symptoms of disorder in cattle that were immediately given
special attention and given treatment as directed local Animal Husbandry
Department or veterinarian in charge in the area concerned.
Maintenance
• Feeding and
Drinks
• For broiler
chicken feeding there are two (2) phases which starter (age 0-4 weeks) and
phase finisher (age 4-6 weeks)
The quality
and quantity of feed starter phase are as follows:
• The quality
or nutrient content of the feed consists of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, 4% crude
fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7-0.9%, ME 2800-3500 kcal.
• The
quantity of feed divided / classified into four (4) categories, namely the
first week (aged 1-7 days) 17 g / day / head, the second week (aged 8-14 days)
43 g / day / head, the 3rd week ( age 15-21 days) 66 g / day / head and week 4
(age 22-29 days) 91 g / day / head. So the amount of feed required for each
tail until the age of 4 weeks amounted to 1,520 grams.
The quality
and quantity of feed finisher phase are as follows:
• The quality
or nutrient content of the feed consists of protein from 18.1 to 21.2%; 2.5%
fat, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7-0.9% and energy (ME)
2900-3400 Kcal.
The quantity
of feed divided / classified into four age groups, namely:
• 5th week
(age 30-36 days) of 111 grams / day / cow,
• 6th week
(age 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / cow,
• 7th week
(age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / cow
• 8th week
(age 51-57 days) 161 g / day / head.
So the total
amount of feed per chicken at the age of 30-57 days is 3,829 grams.
Provision of
drinking age adjusted with chicken grouped in two (2) phases:
1. Phase
starter (aged 1-29 days), drinking water needs are subdivided in each week, ie
week 1 (1-7 days) of 1.8 liters / day / 100 tail; week 2 (8-14 days) of 3.1
liters / day / 100 birds, the 3rd week (15-21 days) 4.5 liters / day / 100
birds and week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / head. So the amount of water
needed until the age of 4 weeks was as much as 122.6 liters / 100 birds.
Provision of drinking water on the first day should be given extra sugar and
anti-stress drugs into drinking water. Given the amount of sugar is 50 grams /
liter of water.
2. Phase
finisher (age 30-57 days), clustered in each week is week 5 (30-36 days) 9.5
liters / day / 100 birds, 6 weeks (37-43 days) 10 , 9 liters / day / 100 birds,
week 7 (44-50 days) 12.7 liters / day / 100 birds and week 8 (51-57 days) 14.1
liters / day / head. So a total of 30-57 days drinking water as much as 333.4
liters / day / head.
Maintenance
Cage
Enclosure
environmental hygiene (sanitation) on the farm is disease prevention efforts
are the least expensive, it only takes a tenacious / skilled only. Preventive
action by giving the vaccine in cattle by brand and dose according to the
record label of poultry shoup. Building so that the cage can be useful
effectively, building enclosure needs to be properly maintained that the cage
is always cleaned and maintained / checked if there is a faulty part that
immediately embroidered / repaired. Thus the efficiency can be maximized
without reducing the cage enclosure requirements for the livestock kept.
PEST AND DISEASE
Disease
Dysentery
(Coccidiosis)
Symptoms:
bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, wings terkulasi, dull hair
shivering.
Control:
• Keeping
lingkungaan, keeping the litter remains dry;
• With Tetra
Chloine Capsule given by mouth; Noxal, Trident Zuco tablet dissolved in water
or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.
Newcastle
disease (NCD / New Casstle Diseae)
Symptoms:
chicken difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, snoring sounds arise,
lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, watery stools
greenish-specific symptom of "torticollis" the head twirling
uncertain and paralyzed.
Control:
• Maintain
environmental cleanliness and equipment contaminated with the virus, Newcastle
disease vector animals, chickens that died immediately burned / disposed;
• Separate
the sick chickens, prevent guests entering the farm without clothes disinfect /
sterile and vaccination NCD. Until now there is no cure.
Pest
Mites (fleas)
Symptoms:
chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers as itching, decreased
appetite, pale and thin.
Control:
Environmental
sanitation a good chicken coop; separate the sick chickens with healthy;
using Sevin
carbonate with a concentration of 0.15% which is diluted with water and then
spray using Sevin carbonate with a concentration of 0.15% which is diluted with
water and spray it into the body of the patient. With the use of insecticides
fumigation or pengasepan volatile as Nocotine sulfate or Black leaf 40.
HARVEST
Main results
For broiler
chicken farming, the main result is in the form of chicken meat
Additional
results
Enterprises
broiler chickens (broilers) is in the form of feces or dirt stables and chicken
feathers.
POST-HARVEST
Stoving
Chicken coops
before cutting, usually placed in shelter cages (Houlding Ground)
Cutting
Chicken
slaughter carried out his neck, principally so that the blood came out whole,
or about 2/3 of the neck cut off and wait 1-2 minutes. This is so good meat
quality, not easily contaminated and nonperishable.
Culling or
Hair Removal
The way
chickens that had been cut was immersed in hot water (51,7- 54.4 ° C). Dyeing
old broilers is 30 seconds. The feathers are
smooth
revoked by applying wax or burned with a blue flame.
Expenditures
Offal
Dubut bottom
cut slightly, the entire contents of the stomach (liver, intestine and gizzard)
is issued. The stomach contents can be sold or be included in the prepared
meats
cooked in a
separate packaging.
Cutting
Carcasses
Cut chicken
legs and neck. Tunggir also deducted if not preferable. After all the viscera
has been removed and the carcass has been washed, a chicken leg / thigh
ditekukan below the rectum. Chicken then cooled and packaged.
ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS OF CULTURE
Analysis of
Cultivation
Basic
calculation of costs incurred and income earned in this analysis, among others
are:
• Type
chickens are kept is the type of broiler (broiler) of strain CP.707.
